Government Debt. Preparing and Preventing
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Investor Demand: Bid-to-Cover
Global Bond Auctions (Real Data)
| COUNTRY / BOND | DATE | BID-TO-COVER | HIGH YIELD | NOTE |
|---|
Yield Curve: Investor Sentiment
Global Yield Curves (Real Data)
| COUNTRY | 2Y | 5Y | 10Y | 30Y | CURVE (10Y-2Y) | LAST UPDATED |
|---|
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Live Treasury Yields
dailyGovernment Debt-to-GDP Ratio by Country
Latest available data (mostly 2024 actuals, some 2025–2026 projections)
| Country | Debt-to-GDP (%) | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Sudan | 272 | 2024 |
| Japan | 237 | 2024 |
| Singapore | 173 | 2024 |
| Venezuela | 164 | 2024 |
| Lebanon | 164 | 2024 |
| Eritrea | 164 | 2024 |
| Greece | 154 | 2024 |
| Italy | 137 | 2025 |
| Bahrain | 134 | 2024 |
| United States | 124 | 2024/25 |
| France | 116 | 2025 |
| Canada | 111 | 2024 |
| Cape Verde | 109 | 2024 |
| Bhutan | 108 | 2024 |
| Belgium | 104 | 2024 |
| Spain | 102 | 2025 |
| United Kingdom | 94 | 2024 |
| China | 88 | 2024 |
| India | 82 | 2024 |
| Germany | 62 | 2024 |
| Australia | 44 | 2024 |
| Russia | 18 | 2025 |
| Kuwait | 3 | 2024 |
| Brunei | 2.3 | 2024 |
Note: Debt-to-GDP ratios are general government gross debt unless noted. Values can vary slightly between sources (IMF vs national statistics). For the most up-to-date figures, check the IMF Data Mapper.
Real GDP Growth by Country
Annual percent change — Latest projections (mostly 2026, IMF World Economic Outlook April 2026 and related sources)
| Country | Real GDP Growth (%) | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Guyana | 16.2 | 2026 proj. |
| Ethiopia | 9.2 | 2026 proj. |
| Guinea | 8.7 | 2026 proj. |
| Rwanda | 7.2 | 2026 proj. |
| Bhutan | 7.5 | 2026 proj. |
| Armenia | 5.3 | 2026 proj. |
| India | 6.2 | 2026 proj. |
| Bangladesh | 4.7 | 2026 proj. |
| Indonesia | 4.9 | 2026 proj. |
| China | 4.2 | 2026 proj. |
| Saudi Arabia | 4.0 | 2026 proj. |
| Turkey | 3.7 | 2026 proj. |
| Argentina | 3.5 | 2026 proj. |
| Algeria | 3.8 | 2026 proj. |
| Vietnam (approx.) | 6.0–6.5 | 2026 est. |
| United States | 2.1 | 2026 proj. |
| Australia | 2.0 | 2026 proj. |
| Canada (approx.) | 1.8 | 2026 proj. |
| United Kingdom | ~1.3 | 2026 proj. |
| Germany | 0.9 | 2026 proj. |
| France | 0.9 | 2026 proj. |
| Japan | 0.6 | 2026 proj. |
| Euro Area | 1.4 | 2026 proj. |
| Russia | 1.0 | 2026 proj. |
| Brazil | 1.9 | 2026 proj. |
Note: Values represent real GDP growth (annual % change). High-growth countries are often driven by oil discoveries, infrastructure booms, or demographic dividends. Advanced economies generally show more modest growth. For the most up-to-date and comprehensive data, visit the IMF Data Mapper (World Economic Outlook) or Trading Economics.
CPI Inflation Rate by Country
Latest available data (mostly March 2026 or Q1 2026, year-over-year % change)
| Country | Inflation Rate (%) | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Venezuela | 649 | Mar/26 |
| Argentina | 32.6 | Mar/26 |
| Angola | 12.42 | Mar/26 |
| Nigeria | 15.38 | Mar/26 |
| Türkiye (Turkey) | 30.65 | Jan/26 |
| Iran | 42.4 | 2025 est. |
| Zimbabwe | 89 | 2025 |
| Sudan | 87.2 | 2025 |
| South Sudan | 97.5 | 2025 |
| United States | 3.3 | Mar/26 |
| Euro Area | 2.6 | Mar/26 |
| United Kingdom | 3.0 | Jan/26 |
| China | 1.0 | Mar/26 |
| Japan | ~1.5 | Jan/26 |
| Germany | ~2.1 | Jan/26 |
| France | 1.7 | Mar/26 |
| Canada | 1.8 | Feb/26 |
| Australia | 3.7 | Feb/26 |
| Brazil | 4.14 | Mar/26 |
| India | ~4.5 | Recent |
| Russia | ~7-8 | 2026 est. |
| Saudi Arabia | 1.8 | Mar/26 |
| Singapore | 1.2 | Feb/26 |
| Switzerland | 0.3 | Mar/26 |
Note: Values are year-over-year CPI inflation (%). Hyperinflation countries (e.g. Venezuela) can show extreme volatility. For the most precise and up-to-date figures, visit Trading Economics or the IMF Data Mapper.
5-Year Government Bond Yields by Country
Latest available data (as of mid-April 2026, in percent)
| Country | 5-Year Bond Yield (%) | Date / Period |
|---|---|---|
| Russia | 14.76 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| Brazil | ~13.6 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| Turkey | ~28–30 (longer tenor influence) | Recent |
| Mexico | 8.84 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| India | ~6.9 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| South Africa | ~9–10 | Recent |
| Australia | 4.69 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| United Kingdom | ~4.3–4.7 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| United States | 3.84 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| Canada | 3.05 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| Germany | ~2.8–3.0 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| France | ~3.0–3.2 | Recent |
| Italy | 3.00 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| Japan | ~1.4–1.8 | Recent |
| China | ~1.7–2.0 | Recent |
| South Korea | ~2.5–3.0 | Recent |
| Singapore | ~2.0–2.5 | Recent |
| Saudi Arabia | ~4.2 | Recent |
Note: 5-year government bond yields reflect market expectations for interest rates, inflation, and credit risk over the medium term. Yields can fluctuate daily based on economic data, central bank policy, and global events. Emerging markets often show higher yields due to higher risk premiums. For real-time or more comprehensive data, visit Trading Economics 5Y Bonds or Investing.com World Government Bonds.
Sovereign 5-Year CDS Spreads by Country
Latest available data (as of mid-April 2026, in basis points)
| Country | CDS Spread (bps) | Period / Date |
|---|---|---|
| Russia | 13,775 | 18 Apr 2026 |
| Venezuela | ~9,150+ | Recent est. |
| Egypt | 309 | 18 Apr 2026 |
| Turkey | 237 | 18 Apr 2026 |
| Argentina | ~600–800+ | Recent |
| Brazil | 91–133 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| South Africa | 151 | 18 Apr 2026 |
| Mexico | ~90 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| United States | 35 | 17–18 Apr 2026 |
| Italy | 32 | 16 Apr 2026 |
| France | ~28 | Recent |
| United Kingdom | 19 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| Canada | 19 | 17 Apr 2026 |
| Germany | ~8–12 | Recent |
| Japan | ~27 | Recent |
| Saudi Arabia | 66 | 15 Apr 2026 |
| Australia | ~15–20 | Recent |
| China | ~40–60 | Recent |
| India | ~70–90 | Recent |
Note: Sovereign CDS spreads measure the annual cost (in basis points) to insure against default on a country's sovereign debt (typically 5-year tenor). Extremely high values (e.g., Russia) often reflect sanctions, illiquidity, or distressed conditions. For real-time or more comprehensive quotes, check World Government Bonds or Investing.com CDS.
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) by Country
Latest available data (mostly 2025 actuals, some 2026 estimates)
| Country | Current Account (% of GDP) | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Singapore | 16.7 | Dec/25 |
| Netherlands | 7.9 | Dec/25 |
| South Korea | 6.6 | Dec/25 |
| Switzerland | 5.1 | Dec/24 |
| Japan | 4.7 | Dec/25 |
| Germany | 4.5 | Dec/25 |
| China | 3.7 | Dec/25 |
| Spain | 2.9 | Dec/25 |
| Italy | ~2.5 | Recent |
| Norway | ~10–15 (oil-driven) | 2025 |
| Saudi Arabia | ~5–8 | 2025 est. |
| United States | -3.6 | Dec/25 |
| United Kingdom | -3.5 | Recent |
| France | -0.8 | Recent |
| Canada | -0.1 | Dec/25 |
| Australia | -2.9 | Dec/25 |
| Brazil | -2.3 | Dec/25 |
| India | -1.5 | Recent |
| Turkey | -1.6 | 2025 |
| Russia | ~1.5 | 2025 est. |
Note: Positive values indicate a current account surplus; negative values indicate a deficit. The current account includes trade balance, net income from abroad, and net transfers. For the most up-to-date figures, check Trading Economics or the IMF Data Mapper.
External Debt to GDP by Country
Latest available data (mostly 2024–2025, some 2026 estimates)
| Country | External Debt to GDP (%) | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Luxembourg | 3937 | Dec/25 |
| Malta | 787 | Dec/25 |
| Ireland | 507 | Dec/25 |
| Cyprus | 620 | Dec/25 |
| Netherlands | 345 | Dec/25 |
| Singapore | 402 | 2025 |
| Austria | 150 | Dec/25 |
| Belgium | 245 | Sep/25 |
| Canada | 148 | 2025 |
| France | 250 | 2024 |
| United Kingdom | 278 | Sep/25 |
| United States | 88 | Sep/25 |
| Germany | 145 | Sep/25 |
| Australia | 108 | 2025 |
| New Zealand | 89 | Recent |
| Japan | 106 | Dec/25 |
| China | 12 | 2025 |
| India | ~20 | Recent |
| Brazil | 29 | 2025 |
| Mexico | 7 | Dec/24 |
| Argentina | 26 | Dec/24 |
| Russia | ~15–20 | Recent |
| Saudi Arabia | ~20 | Recent |
Note: External debt includes both public and private sector debt owed to non-residents. Very high ratios in financial hubs (Luxembourg, Ireland, etc.) are common due to international banking and corporate structures. For the most up-to-date figures, check Trading Economics or the World Bank International Debt Statistics.
CFR Sovereign Risk Tracker
Sovereign Risk Index (0–10) — Likelihood of default within 5 years (10 = ≥50% probability)
| Country | CFR Sovereign Risk Index | Notes / Status |
|---|---|---|
| Venezuela | 10 | In default |
| Belarus | 10 | In default |
| Lebanon | 10 | In default |
| Argentina | 9.5 | High vulnerability |
| Egypt | 8.8 | Elevated risk |
| Pakistan | 8.5 | High vulnerability |
| Turkey | 8.2 | Elevated risk |
| Ukraine | 8.0 | Geopolitical stress |
| Tunisia | 7.9 | Elevated risk |
| Nigeria | 7.6 | High vulnerability |
| South Africa | 6.5 | Moderate-high risk |
| Brazil | 5.8 | Moderate risk |
| India | 4.2 | Moderate risk |
| Indonesia | 4.0 | Moderate risk |
| Mexico | 4.5 | Moderate risk |
| Philippines | 3.8 | Moderate risk |
| China | 3.5 | Lower relative risk |
| Saudi Arabia | 2.8 | Lower relative risk |
| Chile | 2.5 | Lower relative risk |
| Poland | 2.2 | Lower relative risk |
| Korea (South) | 1.8 | Low risk |
Note: The CFR Sovereign Risk Index gauges vulnerability of emerging and frontier markets to external debt default. It is primarily based on CDS spreads (where available), sovereign credit ratings, or modeled political-risk factors. Values of 10 indicate ≥50% estimated probability of default within 5 years. The tracker also includes supporting indicators such as current account balance (% GDP), external debt (% GDP), reserve-adequacy ratio, government debt (% GDP), fiscal balance, FX-denominated debt, political instability index, and CDS spreads. For the full interactive map and latest country-specific details, visit the official CFR Sovereign Risk Tracker (last major update: May 21, 2025).